Hey there, I’ve spent time working for one of the world’s largest pest control companies, and I’ve seen my fair share of critters causing trouble. One of those critters that might ring a bell for you is the eastern tent caterpillar. 

    They might seem harmless, but these tiny wiggly creatures can cause trouble for fruit trees. In this article, I explore the eastern tent caterpillars, from their life cycle to the damage they can cause, and most importantly, how to keep them in check.



    The Tale of Eastern Tent Caterpillars

    Let’s start with the story of these critters. A female eastern tent caterpillar moth recently deposited eggs in one of my crabapple tree branches. These eggs had a nifty brown coating to protect them from the winter chill. Fast forward to early spring, and those eggs hatched into tiny caterpillars. You’ll recognize their handiwork as a small, webby tent, where they camped on a branch.

    These caterpillars call this tent home for about six weeks, feasting on your tree’s leaves. They can grow up to two inches long when they’re done. Then, they venture out in search of the perfect spot to spin their cocoons, soon emerging as brown adult moths in early summer.

    Don’t worry. Eastern tent caterpillars won’t harm humans. A single tent in a mature tree isn’t usually a big deal. However, if your tree becomes a silk tent city year after year, that’s when problems can arise, like a decline in your tree’s health.


    The Damage They Do

    So, what’s the deal with these caterpillars damaging your trees? They’re not picky eaters. As they chow down on leaves, they leave behind irregular holes. Sometimes, they eat the full leaf and reduce tree branches to skeletons.

    Heavy defoliation, especially over multiple years, can stunt trees’ growth, making them more susceptible to diseases and potentially killing young or stressed trees.

    Signs that your tree is hosting these uninvited guests include:

    • Silk tents appear in branches in early spring
    • Caterpillars crawling on the tents or tree branches
    • Caterpillar droppings accumulating on leaves and the ground below
    • Leaves with chewed holes or a skeletal appearance
    • Premature leaf drop later in spring

    If you notice the above signs around your property, it may be time to find the best pest control company to handle the job.


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    When to Take Action

    A single caterpillar tent isn’t cause for concern, but it’s time for action if you see multiple tents concentrated in one tree or spreading across your orchard. 

    Here’s how to deal with eastern tent caterpillars:

    Learn to identify the egg masses in the fall and destroy them before they hatch. Pruning branches with egg masses can control next year’s population.

    Use a stick to pull down the tent web and spread the caterpillars around for birds to feast on. You can also dispose of them. Pick a cool or rainy day when caterpillars will likely stay put.

    Many pesticides don’t affect these critters, but you can use Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk), a natural bacteria specifically targeting caterpillars. Use it carefully because it can harm butterfly caterpillars. Insecticides like Cutter Backyard Bug Control may also help against these creepy crawlers.

    For heavy infestations that threaten your tree’s health, consider hiring a professional exterminator (or arborist) for their access to stronger insecticides. Always follow the label instructions and apply early in spring.

    The best way to handle eastern tent caterpillars is to catch them early. Regularly monitor your trees in early spring and take action promptly. Don’t let your fall leaves provide shelter to these pests. If you’re proactive, these caterpillars won’t become a recurring problem.


    Frequently Asked Questions

    How do eastern tent caterpillars spread?

    Eastern tent caterpillars spread because adult moths carry them. The moths lay egg masses on tree branches during the summer. These egg masses serve as a future generation’s launch point, with caterpillars emerging in early spring.


    Can eastern tent caterpillars kill a tree?

    While it is possible for eastern tent caterpillars to potentially kill a tree through severe defoliation over several years, mature and healthy trees typically have the resilience to recover. It’s essential to address infestations promptly to prevent long-term damage.


    Do eastern tent caterpillars sting or bite?

    No, eastern tent caterpillars do not sting, bite, or pose any direct threat to humans or animals. Their defoliation habits make them more of a nuisance than a danger.


    Do eastern tent caterpillars sting or bite?

    No, eastern tent caterpillars do not sting, bite, or pose any direct threat to humans or animals. Their defoliation habits make them more of a nuisance than a danger.


    What eats eastern tent caterpillars?

    The natural predators of eastern tent caterpillars include birds, wasps, flies, beetles, spiders, and insects. Hand removal, where you physically remove caterpillars and their tents, can also help reduce their numbers and minimize tree damage.


    How do you get rid of them organically?

    To control eastern tent caterpillars organically, consider the following methods:

    1. Hand removal: Physically remove caterpillars and their silk tents.
    2. Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (Btk): Use this natural bacteria that targets caterpillars. Apply it where you notice tent caterpillars feeding.
    3. Promote natural predators: Encourage natural predators like birds and wasps to thrive in your garden.
    4. Destroy egg masses: In the fall and winter, scout for and eliminate egg masses on branches to prevent future infestations.


    When do eastern tent caterpillars appear?

    Eastern tent caterpillars hatch from their overwintering egg masses in early spring, typically when tree buds begin to open. Their peak activity is usually late April or early May, depending on your region.


    What trees do they prefer?

    Eastern tent caterpillars have a particular affinity for certain trees, including cherry, apple, crabapple, peach, and plum. However, they can also feed on various deciduous trees, including oak, birch, cottonwood, and maple.


    How can I prevent them from coming back?

    To prevent recurring eastern tent caterpillar infestations, follow these steps:

    1. Destroy all eggs: Identify and remove egg masses from your trees during the fall and winter.
    2. Control small infestations early: Address any signs of tent caterpillars promptly, especially in the early stages.

    Maintain overall tree health: Keep your trees healthy through proper care and maintenance to make them less attractive to these pests. Regular pruning and fertilization can help ensure tree vitality and resilience against infestations.


    Editorial Contributors
    avatar for Jordan Tyler Quinn Farkas

    Jordan Tyler Quinn Farkas

    Expert Writer & Reviewer

    Jordan Tyler Quinn Farkas is a globetrotting content writer hailing from the USA. With a passion for pest control, he brings a unique perspective to his writing from his early years working for one of the largest pest control companies in America. Throughout his early 20s, Jordan gained valuable experience and knowledge in the field, tackling pest infestations head-on and ensuring the well-being of countless homes.

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    Sabrina Lopez

    Editor

    Sabrina Lopez is a senior editor for Today’s Homeowner with over 7 years of writing and editing experience in digital media. She has reviewed content across categories that matter to homeowners, including HVAC services, home renovations, lawn and garden care, products for the home, and insurance services. When she’s not reviewing articles to make sure they are helpful, accessible, and engaging for homeowners like herself, Sabrina enjoys spending time with her family and their two parrots.

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