A sump pump removes water that has accumulated in a water-collecting sump basin, usually in a basement. Sump pumps help prevent flooding from heavy rains or melting snow that cause water to pool in low areas. They are a crucial investment if you live in regions prone to wet weather because even a half inch of standing water can cause thousands of dollars in damage to items in the basement. 

    Keep reading for a breakdown of the sump pump system components and maintenance, and sign it’s time to replace your current model. 


    Sump Pump System Components

    A basic sump pump system consists of:

    A hole (typically 2 feet wide x 2 feet deep) lined with concrete, plastic, or metal to collect water. The basin may have a lid.

    The pump unit is installed in the basin. It activates when water reaches a set level and pumps it out through a discharge pipe.

    Typically, a 1.5-inch PVC pipe carries water out of the sump pit away from the house. It runs through the foundation wall and extends outside.

    This valve prevents pumped water from flowing back into the sump pit. It’s installed on the discharge piping.

    A float switch detects water levels in the sump basin and triggers the pump to turn on when water reaches a preset height. It turns off when the water level drops.


    Routine Maintenance Tips

    Regular maintenance helps ensure your sump pump operates reliably when needed. Here are some tips to keep it in top shape.

    Inspect the discharge pipe outside after heavy rains. Check for leaks at joints and connections and reseal leaky pipes with PVC cement.

    Feel the discharge pipe after the pump runs to check for obstructions. If it is hot, there may be a clog preventing water flow. Once you locate the clog, you can remove it. 

    Clear debris from the pump intake screen and float. Obstructions can affect float switch operation and reduce efficiency. Also, test the check valve by pouring water into the discharge pipe inside. There should be no backflow into the sump pit. If so, replace the check valve.

    Confirm the float switch works by manually lifting and releasing it to trigger the on/off cycle and adjust it as needed. While checking the float switch, inspect the sump pit cover and gasket. Replace if cracked or warped to prevent debris from entering.

    Finally, check the pump motor housing for corrosion and remove sediment and debris from the sump basin using a shop vacuum or bucket.


    Replacement Parts and Repair Costs

    With routine maintenance, a quality sump pump should operate for over 10 years. However, its parts will eventually fail and need replacement. 

    Here’s what typical repair costs look like:

    ItemCost
    Sump pump$175–$400 depending on capacity
    Float switch$10–$50
    Check valve​​$5–$20
    Discharge piping per linear foot$2–$10
    Sump basin liner$50–$200

    You’ll also want to plan for the labor cost, which often adds $200 to $500. Fortunately, you can save substantially by purchasing parts and doing DIY repairs. However, if excavation or electrical work is needed, you’ll likely need professional help.


    Extending Sump Pump Lifespan

    Proper maintenance helps prevent premature failure. Here are tips to maximize the life span of your pump:

    Every two to three years, remove the pump for cleaning. Remove debris from the impeller housing. Also, alternate pump activity if there are dual basins. This keeps the backup pump fresh. Along with a backup pump, you should consider installing an emergency backup battery system. 

    You can also consider upgrading to a more energy-efficient and quieter model. Newer pumps improve performance.

    Today’s Homeowner Tips

    I recommend having a professional service the pump every three to five years. Technicians can test, diagnose, and identify any issues early. 

    Lastly, proper installation is critical for longevity, so consider professional setup or replacement.


    Signs It’s Time for a New Pump

    Deciding whether to repair or replace an aging sump pump can be tricky. 

    Here are signs it may be time for a complete replacement:

    • Frequent on/off cycling persists after troubleshooting
    • The pump struggles to keep up with even minor water flows, indicating a loss of pumping capacity
    • Leaks from multiple spots around the pump housing, signaling extensive corrosion
    • Loud noises like whining or grinding during operation can mean worn-out internal parts
    • The pump rarely achieves its advertised maximum discharge height, meaning performance is compromised
    • A burnt smell coming from the motor suggests electrical issues

    Newer pump replacement costs a little more than repair, but improved performance and longevity make it a wise investment.


    Choosing a Sump Pump

    You have several options when selecting a new sump pump:

    Pedestal sump pumps are the least expensive type. Its motor mounts on a basin top but has a shorter life span.

    The most popular type of sump pump is the submersible sump pump, which has a sealed motor housing that prevents moisture damage. 

    Water-powered sump pumps are backup options that run off your home’s water pressure and don’t require electricity. 

    A battery backup pump provides pumping during power outages but requires maintenance.

    You should also consider power (measured in horsepower), capacity (discharge rate in gallons per minute), and head height (max vertical pumping capability).Match pump capacity, power, and head height to your specific installation. Look for models with dual floats, quiet operation, and long warranties.


    DIY Installation Tips

    Handy homeowners can replace a sump pump in six to eight hours. However, this process does require intermediate plumbing skills. Be cautious of potential electrical hazards if unsure. 

    Follow these steps:

    1. Shut off power to prevent shocks. Double-check for a live current.
    2. Remove the old pump and plumbing. Inspect basin liner and replace if needed.
    3. Position the new pump level with float toward the drain tile inlet.
    4. Connect new discharge pipe and fittings. Check the slope for proper drainage.
    5. Attach float switch per manufacturer’s instructions. Test operation.
    6. Reconnect wiring through a GFCI outlet or circuit breaker. Verify the on/off cycle works.
    7. Inspect joints for leaks, then allow the sealant to cure before use.

    Annual Sump Pump Service Cost

    Most homeowners hire pros for annual maintenance. Here are the typical services and cost ranges:

    Cleaning service costs about $75 to $150 yearly. The technician clears debris and checks the operation. Preventive maintenance runs around $100 to $300 annually. This estimate includes cleaning, inspections, and testing. Parts and repairs are billed separately.

    Some plumbers offer preventive maintenance and a one-year warranty, which averages around $300 to $600 yearly. This price point usually covers all preventative maintenance plus failed parts replacement for one year. 


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    So, Is Proper Maintenance Worth It for Your Sump Pump?

    A properly functioning sump pump provides critical protection against wet-weather flooding in basements and crawlspaces. Taking a little time each year to maintain top performance is essential to prevent water damage.

    For most homeowners, professional annual maintenance is the easiest method. Technicians have the expertise and tools to thoroughly inspect and service the pump, providing maximum reliability.

    DIY maintenance also works well if you are hands-on. Although more time-consuming, self-service can catch issues before major repairs are needed. Following basic tips, along with periodic professional service, gives your pump the best chance of smooth operation for 10 to 15 years.


    FAQs About Sump Pump Maintenance

    How often should I test my sump pump?

    Test your sump pump at least twice a year in spring and fall. This step provides peace of mind as you head into the rainy season.


    Do I need a backup sump pump?

    Backup pumps offer extra protection if your main pump fails. The added cost may be particularly worthwhile in flood-prone regions.


    What temperature rating do I need for my sump pump?

    Look for pumps rated for at least 41 degrees Fahrenheit to prevent freezing in cold basement temperatures during winter.


    How can I quiet a noisy sump pump?

    Obstructions, unevenness, or wear and tear often cause noisy operation. Try clearing blockages and leveling the sump pump, as this usually quiets it.


    Why does my sump pump run without rain?

    If your sump pump runs without rain, there may be high groundwater levels. Underground springs and sources can also trigger pumping without rain.


    Editorial Contributors
    avatar for Jonathon Jachura

    Jonathon Jachura

    Contributor

    Jonathon Jachura is a two-time homeowner with hands-on experience with HVAC, gutters, plumbing, lawn care, pest control, and other aspects of owning a home. He is passionate about home maintenance and finding the best services. His main goal is to educate others with crisp, concise descriptions that any homeowner can use. Jon uses his strong technical background to create engaging, easy-to-read, and informative guides. He does most of his home and lawn projects himself but hires professional companies for the “big things.” He knows what goes into finding the best service providers and contractors. Jon studied mechanical engineering at Purdue University in Indiana and worked in the HVAC industry for 12 years. Between his various home improvement projects, he enjoys the outdoors, a good cup of coffee, and spending time with his family.

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    Amy DeYoung

    Contributor

    Amy DeYoung has a passion for educating and motivating homeowners to improve their lives through home improvement projects and preventative measures. She is a content writer and editor specializing in pest control, moving, window, and lawn/gardening content for Today’s Homeowner. Amy utilizes her own experience within the pest control and real estate industry to educate readers. She studied business, communications, and writing at Arizona State University.

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